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Questions are based on the following passage．In fact， even without humans， the Earth"s cl

Questions are based on the following passage．

In fact， even without humans， the Earth"s climate changes．Some climate change is（36）But，as greenhouse gases are added to the atmosphere， human influence "emerges" from natural variability．Droughts， one of the most Intensely studied climate events， are a perfect example of an（37）with both natural and human influences．Separating the（38）strengths of the influences is a challengefor scientists．However， with the large social and economic costs of droughts， it is a challenge thescientists must（39）.

In a very recent study published in the Journal of Climate， authors Richard Seager and MartinHoerling cleverly used climate models forced by sea surface temperatures to（40）how much of thepast century"s North American droughts have been caused by ocean temperatures， natural variability and human influences．

Droughts can be caused by a （n）（41）of separate or interactional phenomena．At its root，drought results from the low（42）of water falling and sometimes higher temperatures （which increaseevaporation rates）．The beginning of drought can often be linked to variations in ocean temperatures．

It is also found that the oceans can affect the atmosphere to create conditions that are（43）responsible for drought．What"s more， temperature increases（44）withhuman-driven global warmingalso play a role．This（45）agrees with other researchers who have shown that， while human-emittedgreenhouse gas warming may not cause a particular drought， it can make drought come on earlier，faster， and harder than it otherwise would．

A．associated

B．attached

C．conclusion

D．conduct

E．distinguish

F．effect

G．natural

H．Partly

I．Quality

J．Quantity

K．Relative

L．Ridiculous

M．Simply

N．Undertake

O．variety

第（36）题应填__________ 查看材料

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更多“Questions are based on the fol…”相关的问题

第1题

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: How men first learned

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words.

The power of words, then, lies in their combinations — the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.

Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and feelings. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary (文字的) style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and rude.

第6题：The origin of language ________.

A. is reflected in sounds and letters B. is handed down from generation to generation C. dates back to the prehistoric period D. is a problem not yet solved

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第2题

Questions are based on the following passage．For years， high school students have received

Questions are based on the following passage．

For years， high school students have received identical textbooks as their classmates．Even asstudents have different learning styles and abilities， they are force-fed the same materials．"Imagine adigital textbook where because I"m adifferent person and learn differently， my book is different thanyour book，" said Richard Baraniuk， founder of OpenStax．

OpenStax will spend two years developing the personalized books and then test them on Houston-area students．The books will also go through a review and evaluation process similar to traditionaltextbooks．Baranluk expects 60 people to review each book before publication to ensure its quality．The idea is to make learning easier， so students can go on to more successful careers and lives．

Baraniuk isn"t just reproducing physical textbooks on digital devices， a mistake e-book publishers havemade．He"s seriously rethinking that the educational experience should be in a world of digital tools．Todo this means involving individuals with skills traditionally left out of the textbook business．Baraniuk iscurrently hiring cognitive scientists and machine learning experts．Baraniuk wants to use the tactics of Google， Netfllx and Amazon to deliver a personalized experience．These Web services all rely oncomplex algorithms （算法） to automatically adjust their offerings for customers．Just as Netlix recommends different movies based on your preferences and viewing history， a textbook might present materials at a different pace．The textbook——which will be stored on a range of digital devices——will automatically adjust itself thanks to machine learning．As a student learns about a topic， he or she could be interrupted by brief quizzes that evaluate， whether he or she masters the area．Depending on how the student does， the subject could be reinforce~l with more material．Or a teacher could be automatically e-mailed that the student is struggling with a certain concept and could use some one-on-one attention．This personalized learning experience is possible thanks to the wealth of data a digital textbook cantrack．This data can be used to better track students" progress during a course．Parents and teacherscan monitor a student"s development and provide in time more proper assistm ce．With personalizedlearning methods， our students" talents will be better developed．

What do we learn about personalized books？查看材料

A.Their quality will be ensured since they are developed by OpenStax．

B.They will be examined and judged before being published．

C.They will overlook different learning styles and abilities．

D.They will be much similar to traditional textbooks．

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第3题

Questions are based on the following passage．Today， the poor aren "t just more likely to g

Questions are based on the following passage．

Today， the poor aren "t just more likely to get divorced. They"re more likely to avoidmarriage entirely.

Earlier today， my colleague Derek Thompson argued that; it"s misleading to thinkof marriage as a "luxury good". Why？ Because luxury goods are something the rich buyand the poor can"t afford. But in the case of marriage the trend is more complex. The vastmajority of Americans tie the knot at some point in their lives， he argues. It"s just thatthose without a college education are far， far more likely to get divorced. Marriage is foreveryone; failed marriages are for the poor.

Bleak stuff. But it"s getting bleaker.

Derek"s post is based on a long-term study of young Baby Boomers， who were atleast 46 years old by 2010. But among younger Americans， marriage really is lookingmore and more like something you"d have to buy at Tiffany"s. According to 2012 CensusBureau report， which shows the percentage of men who have never married by age andincome， the less a guy earns nowadays， the less likely they are to have ever gotten married.

Well， that"s not 100 percent true. Among twenty-somethings there seems to be arich bachelor effect going on （or an overworked young professional effect， if you prefer）.

Those making $75，000 or more are somewhat less likely to have been married than thosemaking between $40，000 and $75，000.

This particular set of Census data unfortunately tells us much less about women andmarriage. The problem: Stay-at-home morns.

The key to remember， though， is that many educated， high-earuing women， the sortswho are likely to meet and marry educated and high-earning men， leave the workforce orgo part time once they have children. So a publicist who once made over $70，000 a yearmight only earn $20，000 if she decided to work fewer hours while caring for her childrenat home.

Here"s why this trend——not just the move towards divorce like Derek talked about，but the move from nuptials （婚礼） entirely——is so gloomy. Getting married， and stayingmarried， is one of the surest ways of securing a middle class life. By choosing not to wedin the first place， the poor are abandoning that chance at stability.

Why doesn‘t Derek Thompson think that marriage is a luxury good？查看材料

A.Because not everyone will get married eventually.

B.Because only rich people can afford to get married.

C.Because most people will get married regardless of their financial state.

D.Because lots of people can"t afford an expensive nuptial.

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第4题

"Acting is the least mysterious of all crafts," Marion Brando once said. But

for scientists, working out what is going on in an actor's head has always been something of a puzzle. Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not.

Dr Steven Brown, from McMaster University in Canada, said, "It looks like when you are acting, you are suppressing (压制) yourself; almost like the character is possessing you." Brown and colleagues report how 15 actors, mainly theatre students, were trained to take on a Shakespeare role — either Romeo or Juliet — in a theatre workshop. They were then invited into the laboratory, where their brains were scanned in a series of experiments. Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party？ And would they tell their parents that they had fallen in love？ Each actor was asked to respond to different questions, based on two different premises (前提). In one, they were asked for their own perspective, while in the other, they were asked to respond as though they were either Romeo or Juliet.

The results revealed that the brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some third-person knowledge or inferences about their character. The team said they also found additional reduction in activity in two regions of the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) linked to the sense of self, compared with when the actors were responding as themselves.

However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than "pretending" to be someone — it involves embodying (体现) the text and language.

1.How did Dr Brown's team conduct their research？（）

A.By scanning the brain activity of some actors

B.By doing a survey with some theatre goers

C.By interviewing some theatre teachers

D.By consulting some experienced researchers

2. Which of the following is Not True according to the research？（）

A. When actors are acting, they are suppressing themselves

B. The subjects (实验的研究对象)were all theatre students

C. The subjects’ brains were scanned in a series of experiments

D. The subjects’ brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested

E. The subjects were asked different questions

3.What is the finding of Dr Brown's research？（）

A.Acting is not as mysterious as people think

B.Actors' brain activity differs when they are acting

C.Acting is far more than pretending to be the character

D.Actors' brain activity is more active when they are in character

4.How did Philip Davis react to the research？（）

A.He supported it

B.He doubted it

C.He explained it

D.He advocated it

5.What is the text mainly about？（）

A.A debate of how the brain functions

B.A play written by Shakespeare

C.A research on the brain activity of actors

D.A report of the cooperation of scientists and actors

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第5题

根据以下材料，回答下列各题： Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks

. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Nearly a third of women are the main breadwinners in their household in Britain, according to a major survey.Researchers said that in many relationships it was no longer assumed that the man would bring in the bigger income，47 in a time of widespread redundancies(裁员)． In a 48 shift in attitudes, four out of ten women said that the career of whichever partner had the highest income would take 49 in the relationship. In one in ten families, a house husband looks after the children and does the 50 while their female partner works full time. Ten percent of women admitted this role 51 had put strains on their relationship and some said it had even led to them 52 company． The Women and Work Survey 2010，commissioned(受……委托)by Grazia magazine，found that almost half of full-time mothers 53 not earning their own money. And two thirds of the mothers among the 2,000 women in the survey said they wanted to keep working in some way after having children. A 54 higher number of those with children under three said they would prefer to work--preferably part-time----rather than stay at home. Victoria Harper of Grazia said,"Women are getting good jobs when they graduate, and working up the career 55 faster than they have ever done." This means that there has to be more 56 between the roles of men and women in a relationship and when they have children. A．precedence I．especially B．connection J．parting C．prospect K．opposite D．slightly L．chores E．ladder M．disliked F．favored N．fluidity G．plan Ｏ．significant H．reversal 47.__________

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第6题

听力原文：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was an eccen

听力原文： I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was an eccentric farmer. I had never met him before although I had often heard people talk about him. He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. I hadn't the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go.

It had been snowing heavily that day and I didn't know the way. I had been driving for at least an hour when I finally found his place. He was standing there, waiting for me. It seemed Milly had died. "She meant more to me than anyone even my own wife!" he said. I could see that he had been crying. I thought something terrible had taken place, a possible scandal. I was even more shocked when he told me he had put her in the barn. "I wouldn't leave her out in the cold!" he said.

Milly had clearly been a secret lover of his. I was about to tell him he could not expect me to cover anything up when he opened the barn door. He lifted his candle and I saw a dark figure on the ground. "She was such a good cow! I wouldn't let anyone but a doctor touch her!" he said, and burst into tears again.

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. What do we know about Milly from the story？

34. What might the farmer wish the speaker to do？

35. What is probably the person who told the story？

(30)

A．She had met with an accident.

B．She had caused a scandal.

C．She was seriously ill.

D．She was hidden somewhere.

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第7题

仔细阅读：Attitudes toward new technologies often along generational lines. That is, generally, younger

Section C(2016年6月英语四级卷三试题及答案)

Passage One

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

Attitudes toward new technologies often along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.

It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.

The face that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now and no one can get one yet but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.

Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometime reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars.

This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.

When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education, 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.

Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lives in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.

While there's reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person's age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can be becoming mainstream. Once driverless cares are actually available for safe, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.

47.What happens when a new technology emerges？

A.It further widens the gap between the old and the young.

B.It often leads to innovations in other related fields.

C.It contribute greatly to the advance of society as a whole.

D.It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.

48.What does the author say about the driverless car？

A.It does not seem to create a generational divide.

B.It will not necessarily reduce road accidents.

C.It may start a revolution in the car industry.

D.It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.

49.Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people？

A.It saves their energy.

B.It helps with their mobility.

C.It adds to the safety of their travel.

D.It stirs up their interest in life.

50.What is likely to affect one's attitude toward the driverless car？

A.The location of their residence.

B.The amount of their special interest

C.The amount of training they received.

D.The length of their driving experience.

51.Who are likely to be the first to buy the driverless car？

A.The senior.

B.The educated.

C.The weaIthy.

D.The tech fans.

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第8题

Questions 下列各 are based on the following passage. The number of postgraduate students

travelling from non-EU countries to study at UK universities has fallen for the first time in 16 years, fuelling fears that the governments immigration crackdown is discouraging thousands of the brightest students from continuing their studies in Brid. Jo Beall, British Council director of education and society, said the fall would cause alarm among UK vice-chancellors (大学行政主管). "The sector was expecting a decline in growth, but the actual reduction in postgraduate numbers is of real concern as international-students make up the m~ority of numbers in many postgraduate courses and research teams in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. ""Attracting the brightest and most ambitious postgraduate and research students is critical if the UK is to maintain its quality reputation for research," Beall said. Universities get a third of their tuition (学费) fee revenue from non-EU students. There is growing fear among vice-chancellors that this revenue-as well as the cultural, academic and economic benefit international students bring--is being put at risk. Tim Westlake, director for the student experience at Manchester University, said students whose families relied on them working in the UK after their studies to gain experience and repay the fees were starting to look elsewhere. Last month the home secretary, Theresa May, announced that embassy staff would interview more than 100,000 applicants in an attempt to prevent bogus (假冒的) ones entering the country. She also said immigrants were responsible for pushing up UK house prices. The comments followed the introduction of new limitations on students right to work during and after their studies. Beall said:" Government statistics for the first time provide real evidence that the changes to UK visa regulations may have discouraged many students from applying to the UK, and in particular postgraduate students Who are so important to the UKs research output. The UK enjoys an eXcellent reputation around the world for the high quality of our education system, so the government needs to ensure that institutions have all the support they need to attract international students who make a tremendous academic, cultural and economic contribution to the UK. " What has caused the decline of the number of non-EU postgraduates in the UK？

A.The increase in tuition and fees.

B.The ever-rising living expenses.

C.Changed immigration policies.

D.Universities tightened budgets

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第9题

Questions下列各are based on the following passage. Someday a stranger will read your e-mai

l without your permission or scan the Websites youve visited. Orperhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out yourshopping preferences or calling habits. In fact, its likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without yourpermission？ It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, theywill see you in a way you never intended to be seen--the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked. Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that its important to reveal yourself to friends, family and loversin stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In somecases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where yousimply cannot keep a secret. The key question is: Does that matter？ For many Americans, the answer apparently is "no." When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey foundan overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is"slipping away, and that bothers me." But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effortto preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacyeconomist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information likeSocial Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-offcoupon(优惠劵). But privacy does matter--at least sometimes. Its like health: When you have it, you dont notice it. Only when its gone do you wish youd done more to protect it. What does the author mean by saying "the 21 st century equivalent of being caught naked" (Line 3, Para.2 )？

A.Peoples personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.

B.In the 21 st century people try every means to look into others secrets.

C.People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.

D.Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.

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第10题

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Recent stories in the newspapers an

d magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.

Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.

Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.

As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professor unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” or something else.

The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.

第31题：What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph？

A) It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.

B) Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.

C) Research can never be emphasized too much.

D) The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.

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第11题

Compared with OAM packets based on G.8114, OAM packets based on Y.1731 has changed lab

el value from ()to().

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