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Land, water, mineral deposits, and trees are good examples of natural resources. For example, Exxon Corporation, the world's largest oil company, makes use of a wide variety of natural resources. It must obviously have vast quantities of crude oil to process each year. But Exxon also needs the land where the oil is located, as well as land for its refineries and pipelines.
The people who work for a company represent the second factor of production, labor. Sometimes called human resources, labor is the mental and physical capabilities of people. Exxon employs over 150,000 people worldwide. Carrying out the business of such a huge company requires labor force with a wide variety of skills ranging from managers to geologists to truck drivers.
Obtaining and using material resources and labor requires capital, the funds needed to operate an enterprise. Capital is needed to start any business. Capital is also needed to keep the business operating and growing. Exxon's annual drilling costs alone run into the billions of dollars.
Finally, many economic systems need entrepreneurs to function. Entrepreneurs are those people who accept the opportunities and risks involved in creating and operating businesses. They are the people who start new businesses and who make the decisions that allow small businesses to grow into larger ones. Exxon Corporation started as an
entrepreneurial venture. Although it did not acquire its current name until 1973, its roots can be traced to 1862 when John D. Rockefeller and Murice B. Clark decided to establish a petroleum-refining firm.
26. Factors of production refer to ().
A. natural resources and capital
B. labor and entrepreneurs
C. both A and B
27. The labor force needed in Exxon Corporation are ().
A. people who have a variety of skills
B. only geologists and truck drivers
C. managers to run the company
28. Exxon's annual drilling costs alone run into the billions of dollars. 'run into' here means ().
A. divide
B. reach
C. meet
29. The funds needed to operate an enterprise are referred to as ().
A. capital
B. resources
C. labor
30. They are the people () start new business and make the decisions.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
When the saver needs his money back, he dose not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange.
There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose standard of living dose not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
Almost ail companies involved in new production and development must ______.
A．rely on their own financial resources
B．persuade the banks to provide long-term fin0ance
C．borrow large sums of money from friends and people they know
D．depend on the population as a whole for finance
？Read the article below about corporate culture on the opposite page.
？For each question 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.
The term corporate culture refers to an organization's value system. Managerial philosophies, workplace practices, and organizational network are included in the concept of corporate culture. Tyson Food's corporate culture is reflected in the fact that everyone—even CEO Don Tyson wears clothes of a yellowish brown color on the job.
The leaders who developed the company and the corporate culture typically shape the corporate culture.One generation of employees passes on a corporate culture to newer employees. Sometimes this is part of formal training. New managers who attend McDonald's Hamburger University may learn skills in management,but they also pick up the basics of the organization's corporate culture. Employees can absorb corporate culture through informal contacts as well, by talking with other workers and through their experiences on the job.
Corporate culture has a major impact on the success of an organization. In organizations with strong cultures,everyone knows and supports the organizations' objectives. In those with weak cultures, no clear sense of purpose exists. In fact, the authors of the classic book In Search of Excellence concluded the presence of a strong corporate culture was the single common thread among many diverse but highly successful companies such as General Electric and McDonald's.
As you can imagine, changing a company's corporate culture can be very difficult. But some managers try to do just that when they feel the current culture is weak, or when the organization's objectives change and the old culture no longer fits. Sometimes the competitive situation of a company changes.For instance, electric utilities, which once had their profits guaranteed by public regulation, now face more competition than ever. Firms that were comfortable competing against other American companies now find themselves fighting competitors from overseas, too.
Management expert Peter Duckers feels that, rather than trying to change culture, managers should focus on changing employees and corporate practices, as follows.
？Define what results are needed. Specify in measurable terms what the organization or department,or office) needs to achieve.
？Determine where these results are already being achieved within the current organization. Analyze the departments that are already effective and find out what they are doing differently from the rest.
？Determine what top management can do to encourage these good results. Duckers suggests that executives openly ask what they can do to help, and then do it.
？Change the reward system—or develop a new one—to recognize these effective practices. When employees realize that the organization really does reward the new approach, they will adopt it much more quickly. Whether one wants to change an organization culture or not, it is important to choose managers and employees whose personal styles fit the organization's goals.
According to the passage, corporate culture
A．means the cultural atmosphere in a company.
B．is established by top leaders and can't be changed.
C．involves the core values of a company.
D．has little influence on the performance of a company.
FOUR TIPS FOR BECOMING A FRANCHISEE
If you want to become a franchisee, the tips below can help you to find the perfect opportunity. BE FOCUSD ON YOUR PREFERENCE. On the stage of decision-making, the bottom line is: Don't rule out a business without learning or seeing what the day-to-day will look like. For instance, think about a mom returning to the work force who knows she wants to interact with children on a daily basis. Among the hundreds of options there, she needs to decide if she would like to be hands on as a teacher or if she would rather manage a facility that tutors children in math. Deciding between the two is easy if she considers which day-to-day position she would prefer and how that will impact her other goals. BE PROACTIVE WITH YOUR RESEARCH. After you've determined what role you want in a franchise, it's important to start researching different options. Physically visit many different franchise locations and browse the web and then determine what will be a fit in your community. Make sure the franchisor has experience. Before signing on to a franchise, it is essential to ask the franchisor about the executive team and its past industry experience. Find out if the company leaders have had significant experience at another franchise and are now applying that knowledge successfully. READ THE FRANCHISE DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT CAREFULLY. The first thing to look at is how much a franchise would cost to purchase. Make sure you have a financial advisor who can look at that item with you and see the type of profit a franchisee can make on average. It's also important to take a look at the post-termination clause in the agreement to make sure that when you want to leave the business, you know the terms well and your interests are properly protected.
1. Decide on a business with learning or seeing what the day-to-day will look like.() 2. Before you've determined what role you want in a franchise, it's time to start the business.()
3. Before signing on to a franchise, the essential job is to ask the franchisor about the executive team and its past industry experience.()
4. The first thing to look at is how long a franchise would take to purchase.()
5. To make sure that when you want to leave the business, you have made enough money and you are satisfied with that.()
Self-esteem needs might include the ______ from a workplace.
A: rewards
B; rewarded
C; rewarded
Tom ______ get up a little earlier tomorrow.
A、needs
B、need
C、need to
D、needs to
The house needs（） but they plan to wait until next spring to do it.
A.paint
B.to paint
C.painting
D.be painted
A.iron
B.to iron
C.ironing
D.being ironed
