Explain the universality of management once. Does is hold true in today's world? Why or why not?
说明下面各项中每一对之间的区别:
(1)价格-消费曲线与需求曲线;
(2)个人需求曲线与市场需求曲线;
(3)恩格尔曲线与需求曲线;
(4)收入效应与替代效应。
Explain the difference between each of the following terms:
a. a price-consumption curve and a demand curve
b. an individual demand curve and a market demand curve
c. an Engel curve and a demand curve
d. an income effect and substitution effect
(1)计算该生产函数下劳动的平均产量和边际产量;
(2)该生产函数是否显示了劳动的边际报酬递减,请解释;
(3)请直观地解释劳动边际产量为负的原因?
Suppose a chair manufacturer is producing in the short run (with its existing plant and equipment). The manufacturer has observed the fallowing levels of production corresponding to different numbers of workers:
a. Calculable the marginal and average product of labor for this production function.
b. Does this production function exhibit diminishing returns to labor? Explain.
e. Explain intuitively what might cause the marginal product of labor to become negative,
(1)至少一个周六晚上不能在家过夜的旅客才可以购买特价机票。
(2)坚持将水泥送货上门,并以购买者的住址为定价基础。
(3)销售食品加工机时附送10美元折扣的优惠券。
(4)对卫生纸提供临时促销价。
(5)给高收入病人做整形外科手术的要价高于低收入病人。
Price discrimination requires the ability to sort customers and the ability to prevent arbitrage. Explain how the following can function as price discrimination schemes and discuss both sorting and arbitrage:
a. Requiring airline travelers to spend at least one Saturday might away from home to qualify for a low fare.
b. Insisting on delivering cement to buyers, and basing prices on buyers' locations.
c. Selling food processors along with coupons that can be sent to the manufacturer to obtain a S 10 rebate.
d. Offering temporary price cuts on bathroom tissue.
e. Charging high-income patients more than low-income patients for plastic surgery.